By Allan Mauro V. Marfal, DOST-STII
Nuclear and radiation technologies offer distinct features and benefits that can effectively diminish the overall amount of plastic and polymer waste on a global scale. Therefore, they could address and bridge the current technological gaps in waste management, according to a researcher from the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI).
“Radiation technologies can be employed to transform or repurpose plastic waste into alternative products, such as additives and binders for construction materials, as well as utilize radiation-induced reactions to convert waste plastics into fuels or smaller molecules,” said Dr. Jordan F. Madrid, a supervising science research specialist from the DOST-PNRI.
He added that radiation technologies can be utilized to decrease the quantity of plastic waste by producing biodegradable biopolymers using radiation-controlled procedures, which can serve as substitutes for petroleum-based plastics.
Post-Radiation Reactive Extrusion of Plastic Waste (PREx Plastic)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has a flagship project called NUTEC Plastic which aims to address the global challenge of plastic pollution.
Dr. Madrid shared that the Philippines, through DOST-PNRI, is one of the member states participating in the said initiative through the project titled “Post-Radiation Reactive Extrusion of Plastic Waste (PREx Plastic). It would utilize radiation technology, particularly electron beam irradiation, to enhance the mechanical properties of products made from recycled plastic wastes.
“Radiation technology provides more environmentally friendly production and recycling methods by minimizing the utilization of potentially hazardous chemicals and solvents, and by conserving energy,” explained Dr. Madrid.
Furthermore, Dr. Madrid gave assurance that there are no potential environmental risks and safety concerns associated with deploying nuclear solutions for plastic pollution.
“The PREx Plastic initiative supports the use of electron beam (EB) technology for plastic waste management and recycling. It does not use radioactive materials, which eliminates the need to worry about radioactive contamination and waste management. However, because EB technology relies largely on electricity for operation, it may contribute to the environmental problems associated with energy production,” said Dr. Madrid. Given this, where fossil fuel is still used to generate electricity, there is also a need to do more research to find alternative sources of energy and address this concern.
Integration of nuclear solutions for plastic pollution feasible
Dr. Madrid shared that the initial data suggests that the use of radiation technology is compatible, and the required machines could be integrated and installed in existing plastic recycling plants. Otherwise, plant owners could opt to avail themselves of the services of irradiation facilities, such as those in DOST-PNRI, to have their samples irradiated for target applications.
“Of course, such integrations would involve obtaining permits, licenses, and approvals from relevant regulatory agencies and ensuring compliance with safety standards and radiation protection guidelines. Lastly, nuclear and radiation technology solutions for plastic pollution should align with broader waste management policies and sustainability goals at the local, regional, and national levels,” stressed Dr. Madrid.
He said that this may involve integrating nuclear solutions into waste management plans, recycling strategies, and circular economy initiatives to maximize their effectiveness and environmental benefits. However, careful planning, stakeholder engagement, and regulatory oversight are essential to ensure the safe and responsible deployment of nuclear and radiation technology solutions in waste management operations.
Public acceptance crucial to success of nuclear solutions for plastic pollution
Dr. Madrid believes that public engagement and education are crucial in fostering acceptance and adoption of nuclear and radiation technology solutions for plastic pollution management.
He further explained that educational campaigns can highlight the benefits, safety measures, and regulatory safeguards associated with nuclear and radiation technology in waste management. Such engagements promote transparent communication and open dialogue with the public that can help build trust in nuclear and radiation technology solutions for plastic pollution.
“Providing accurate information, addressing concerns, and involving stakeholders in decision-making processes can enhance public confidence and acceptance of nuclear and radiation technology,” said Dr. Madrid.
Dr. Madrid also pointed out that public engagement efforts can foster collaboration between government agencies, the academe, industry stakeholders, environmental organizations, and community groups to develop holistic and inclusive approaches to plastic pollution management.
“Radiation technology offers a promising solution for managing plastic waste. Its use can efficiently modify plastic wastes for other useful applications or for safer disposal, helping to reduce environmental pollution. Embracing this technology, and other related initiatives and projects, could lead to a cleaner, healthier future for our communities and our planet. Let's explore its potential and work together towards a sustainable future,” concluded Dr. Madrid. (30)
